Human rights organizations credit Garvey as the first man to organize a mass movement among African-Americans. The White House said he created Black Star Line shipping company and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association,

Mr. Biden's pardons in recent days come after the president made the largest single-day act of clemency in modern history in December by commuting the sentences of around 1,500 people and pardoning nearly 40 Americans convicted of nonviolent crimes. Earlier that month, he also issued a pardon for his son, Hunter Biden.