Listen carefully. The top level of the OSI Reference Model and the IETF protocol stack is the application layer. The application layer, however, doesn’t do applications. It provides services such as ...

Network protocols are a set of rules and standards used to regulate data exchange in computer networks, essentially serving ...

In a business environment dominated by cloud computing, mobility and Web-based applications, enterprises need smarter, application-aware networks to ensure performance. But while application awareness ...

What is MAC Media Access Control? MAC, also known as media access control, is an important technology in computer networks. Its main responsibility is to coordinate the occupation of a shared ...

A top-down exploration of networking using the 5-layer model and the TCP/IP stack. HTTP, FTP, DNS, BSD Sockets, concurrent servers, checksums, reliable transport with stop-and-wait, go-back-n, ...

Application layer distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks almost doubled in the last quarter of 2017, according to the latest threat report from security firm Imperva. As well as increasing by 43 ...