Differences in asthma in urban and rural environments were first reported from Germany in 1965,1 followed by many reports of higher rates of asthma symptoms in urban than rural environments around the ...

Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia has been carried out in three patients; two of these operations have been successful. A new surgical procedure has been used which transmits the whole vena caval ...

Background The inflamed bronchial mucosal surface is a profoundly hypoxic environment. Neutrophilic airway inflammation and neutrophil-derived proteases have been linked to disease progression in ...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterised by pulmonary inflammation and increased pulmonary vascular permeability, which results in non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and ...

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis and is particularly relevant to people living with chronic lung diseases such as bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and chronic ...

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome driven by a dysregulated host response to infection. Immune dysregulation arises from responses that initially were activated to protect against pathogens and ...

Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD) are a common cause of hospital admission. Many exacerbations are believed to be due to upper and/or lower respiratory ...

We present a 33-year-old woman with anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibody positive mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) since the age of 13. Predominant features were of inflammatory arthritis, Raynaud ...

Background Nocturnal hypoxia is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and contributes significantly to poor disease prognosis. However, its key environmental risk factors and ...

Background Conventional measures to evaluate COPD may fail to capture systemic problems, particularly musculoskeletal weakness and cardiovascular disease. Identifying these manifestations and ...

Introduction Evidence suggests that platelets play a significant role in inflammation in addition to their role in thrombosis. Systemic inflammation is linked to poor short and long term outcomes in ...

The clinical presentation of Aspergillus lung disease is determined by the interaction between fungus and host. Invasive aspergillosis develops in severely immunocompromised patients, including those ...